By Greg Illes
Sometimes RV batteries seem ridiculously simple—we tend to see them as either working or dead. But there is way more than meets the eye in this 2,000-year-old technology. [According to panasonic.com: The “Baghdad Battery” – ceramic pot battery and the world’s oldest “ceramic pot battery” was discovered in the remains of Khu jut Rabu, a village in the outskirts of the Iraqi capital Baghdad. This battery is more than 2,000 years old.]
RV batteries are made with lead plates interleaved with lead-dioxide plates. The plates are immersed in sulfuric acid, and the electrochemical reaction creates the battery effect. The whole bundle is wrapped up in a big plastic box with the electrical terminals on top.
As current is drawn from the battery, a chemical change occurs which causes both plates to begin to change into lead sulfate. Normally when the battery is recharged, the lead sulfate layer is converted back into lead and lead dioxide.
This is where a major wrinkle arises. After extended use or even prolonged storage, some of that lead sulfate begins to change from a fine-grained powder-like state into crystals. The crystalline structure prevents the lead sulfate from changing back into lead and lead dioxide, and the battery is described as “sulfated.” This is literally the beginning of the end of a battery’s life. When enough sulfation builds up, the battery plates become increasingly unable to perform their function—the battery becomes a very expensive, acid-filled boat anchor.
Because a battery in storage has a self-discharge component, it is common to find heavy sulfation occurring in fresh RV batteries after extended storage. Frequent discharge/recharge cycles are actually good for a battery because it does not provide time for the sulfate crystallization to occur. You can avoid the worst of sulfation influences by keeping batteries fully charged as much as possible, and never storing a discharged battery.
Once sulfated, batteries at one time were relegated to the recycle bin. However, there are affordable devices that deliver a specialized pulse-charging current. These battery chargers and maintainers (sometimes called desulfators) are sold by a number of vendors. A predominant player in this area is BatteryMINDer®, providing multiple models priced from $60-$300+. See Amazon.com and automotive websites for details and reviews.
Keeping your batteries connected to a desulfator while stored is one of the best methods to prolong battery life, not to mention that it will keep your batteries at full charge for your next use.
For a lot more detail on batteries, there’s a terrific write-up in Wikipedia.
Photos: Greg Illes
Greg Illes is a retired systems engineer who loves thinking up RV upgrades and modifications. When he’s not working on his motorhome, he’s traveling in it. You can follow his blog at www.divver-city.com/blog.
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Tbank you, Greg.
The use of the “Baghdad Battery” as anything but storage for scrolls has been debunked pretty definitively by the broad scientific community. Although, I do encourage reading about it; fascinating!
I wish you hadn’t used the comment “a boat anchor”. As you know in this world of blooming idiots someone is going to tie a rope around a dead battery and throw it overboard to anchor their boat thereby polluting the water.
Some good information,after keeping batteries maintained with a deltran battery tender 3amps over winter my batteries are still going,I purchased an AGM battery this summer and unsure if I can add distilled water? Also if my battery tender works on the AGM battery?
Do not use anything but a battery charger designed on a Li battery. A typical lead acid battery charger can or will destroy your battery.